EASA 66 Module 2 explains the basics of Physics using easy to understand language and engaging graphics.The student will come away with a fundamental knowledge of matter, mechanics, optics and other topics that are necessary for understanding aircraft engines and systems.
2.1 Matter
- Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules;
- Chemical compounds;
- States: solid, liquid and gaseous;
- Changes between states.
2.2 Mechanics Statics
- Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors;
- Centre of gravity;
- Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity:tension, compression, shear and torsion;Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas;Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers).
Kinetics
- Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line,motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity);
- Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces);
- Periodic motion: pendulous movement;
- Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance;Velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency.
Dynamics
- a) Mass, Force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential,kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency;
- b) Momentum, conservation of momentum; Impulse;Gyroscopic principles;
- Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance).
Fluid Dynamics
- a) Specific gravity and density;
- b) Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining;Effects of compressibility on fluids; Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli's Theorem, Venturi
2.3 Thermodynamics
First and second law of thermodynamics;Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant volume and pressure,work done by expanding gas; Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps;Latent heats of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy,heat of combustion.
- a) Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales:Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin;Heat definition.
- Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs,graphs of equations/functions
- Simple trigonometry; trigonometrically relationships,use of tables and rectangular and polar co-ordinates
- b) Heat capacity, specific heat;Heat transfer convection, radiation and conduction;Volumetric xpansion;
2.4 Optics (Light)
Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces, reflection by spherical mirrors,refraction, lenses;Fiber optics.
- Nature of light; speed of light;
2.5 Wave Motion and Sound
Wave Motion
Mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion, interference phenomena, standing waves;
Sound
- Nature of light; speed of light;
- Speed of sound, production of sound, intensity, pitch and quality, Doppler effect.